The Science Behind CBD Gummies And How They Work
How CBD Gummies Interact with the Body
Pharmacokinetics of CBD: Absorption and Distribution
CBD (Cannabidiol) gummies have become increasingly popular as a convenient and palatable way to incorporate CBD into one’s lifestyle, but have you ever wondered how these chewy treats interact with your body?
When taken orally, CBD gummies undergo a series of complex biochemical processes that affect the entire body. In this article, we will delve into the pharmacokinetics of CBD, specifically exploring its absorption and distribution in the body.
Pharmacokinetics: The Study of How the Body Processes Substances
Pharmacokinetics is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes substances. It is essential to understand the pharmacokinetics of CBD to comprehend its effects on the body.
Absorption: The Initial Phase
When you consume a CBD gummy, the cannabidiol molecules are released in your digestive system. The stomach and small intestine play significant roles in absorbing these molecules through various mechanisms:
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Lipid solubility: CBD is lipid-soluble, which means it can dissolve in fats and oils. In the stomach and intestines, CBD interacts with bile acids (produced by the liver) to form micelles, allowing the molecule to penetrate the intestinal wall more efficiently.
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Carrier proteins: Specialized carrier proteins embedded within the cell membranes of enterocytes (intestinal cells) can transport CBD across the epithelial barrier. These carriers may include various fatty acid-binding proteins and lipid transporters.
The combined effect of these absorption mechanisms allows for a moderate rate of CBD uptake into the bloodstream, typically occurring within 2-4 hours after ingestion.
Distribution: The Widespread Nature of Cannabinoids
Once absorbed into the bloodstream, CBD undergoes distribution throughout the body. It interacts with various cell types and tissues, including:
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Central Nervous System (CNS): CBD can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and interact with cannabinoid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, influencing cognitive functions and pain perception.
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Peripheral Tissues: CBD also affects peripheral tissues, such as muscles, bones, and connective tissue, influencing inflammation, immune responses, and cell growth regulation.
CBD can bind to a variety of receptors and transport proteins throughout the body, including cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1).
Metabolism and Excretion: The Final Stage
The liver plays a crucial role in metabolizing CBD, breaking it down into various metabolites that can be further processed by the body. Some of these metabolites are active and contribute to CBD’s therapeutic effects.
CBD and its metabolites are eventually excreted through various routes, including:
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Urinary tract: CBD and its metabolites are eliminated through urine, with a small fraction excreted in the feces.
This comprehensive understanding of how CBD interacts with the body sheds light on its potential therapeutic applications and effects. As research continues to unravel the intricacies of CBD pharmacokinetics, we can expect greater insights into its utility as a medicinal agent.
The bioavailability of CBD is relatively low, around 6% when taken orally, due to rapid firstpass metabolism in the liver. Research at the University of Pennsylvania has shown that peak plasma concentrations occur within 12 hours after ingestion.
CBD, or cannabidiol, is a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis plants. When ingested in the form of gummies, it interacts with the body through multiple pathways to produce its effects.
Upon ingestion, CBD is absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body. However, as mentioned earlier, the bioavailability of CBD is relatively low due to rapid first-pass metabolism in the liver, which means only a small amount of the ingested CBD makes it to the bloodstream intact.
The majority of CBD that enters the liver undergoes extensive metabolization by cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in the production of various metabolites. These metabolites are then excreted primarily through the kidneys and feces, with a smaller portion being reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
The primary pathways through which CBD interacts with the body include:
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CB1 receptors in the brain and nervous system, where it produces its therapeutic effects
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CB2 receptors in the immune system, where it modulates inflammation and immune response
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The endocannabinoid system’s anandamide and other related compounds, which play a role in mood regulation, appetite, and memory
Research at the University of Pennsylvania has shown that peak plasma concentrations occur within 12 hours after ingestion. This information suggests that optimal effects may be achieved when taking CBD gummies regularly throughout the day, allowing for sustained levels of the compound to remain in the bloodstream.
It is essential to note that individual factors such as metabolism rate, body weight, and health status can influence how CBD gummies interact with the body. Consultation with a healthcare professional before using CBD products is recommended to determine the most effective dosage and optimal frequency for your specific needs.
Targeting Cannabinoid Receptors and Neurotransmitters
CBD (Cannabidiol) gummies have gained immense popularity in recent years due to their potential health benefits, including reducing anxiety and pain, improving sleep quality, and promoting relaxation. But how do these edible gummies interact with the body, targeting cannabinoid receptors and neurotransmitters? To understand this process, let’s delve into the science behind CBD.
CBD is a non-psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant, which means it does not produce the “high” associated with THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol). Instead, CBD interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors and chemicals that regulate various physiological processes. The ECS plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, or balance, within the body.
The two main types of cannabinoid receptors in the human body are CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are predominantly located in the immune system. CBD interacts with both receptors, but its primary mechanism involves modulating the activity of these receptors.
When CBD is ingested through gummies or other edibles, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body. As it reaches the brain and ECS, it begins to interact with CB1 receptors, which are responsible for regulating pain perception, mood, memory, and appetite. By binding to these receptors, CBD can reduce inflammation, modulate the body’s response to stress, and promote relaxation.
The interaction between CBD and neurotransmitters is also crucial in understanding how CBD gummies work. Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, play a significant role in regulating mood, motivation, and other physiological processes. By influencing these neurotransmitter pathways, CBD can help reduce anxiety and stress levels while promoting feelings of calmness and relaxation.
Furthermore, research has shown that CBD may interact with other neurotransmitters, such as anandamide (AEA), which is a naturally occurring endocannabinoid in the body. AEA plays a role in regulating mood, pain perception, and memory. By increasing AEA levels in the brain, CBD can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression.
In conclusion, CBD gummies interact with the body by targeting cannabinoid receptors and influencing neurotransmitter pathways. The complex network of ECS, CB1 and CB2 receptors, and neurotransmitters work together to regulate various physiological processes. By understanding how these systems interact with CBD, we can better appreciate the potential health benefits associated with this compound.
It is essential to note that while CBD has shown promise in addressing a range of health concerns, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and optimal dosing levels. As with any supplement or medication, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before using CBD gummies, especially if you’re taking other medications or have underlying medical conditions.
CBD exerts its effects by binding to various cannabinoid receptors and neurotransmitter systems, including CB1 and CB2 receptors in the central nervous system. Studies at the National Institute of Health have identified CBD’s interaction with GABA and 5HT1A receptors.
CBD **gummies** have become a popular way to incorporate cannabidiol into one’s daily routine, offering a discreet and convenient method for experiencing its potential benefits.
When consumed, CBD interacts with the body in several complex ways. At the core of this interaction lies the relationship between CBD and various cannabinoid receptors throughout the body, including the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the central nervous system.
Cannabinoid receptors, such as CB1 and CB2, play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including pain perception, mood, appetite, and more. When CBD binds to these receptors, it can trigger a range of responses that may contribute to its therapeutic effects.
Furthermore, studies conducted at the National Institute of Health have revealed that CBD also interacts with other important receptor systems, such as GABA and 5HT1A receptors. The GABA system is responsible for regulating neuronal excitability, while the 5HT1A receptor is involved in mood regulation and anxiety response.
The interaction between CBD and these systems can have a profound impact on how the body responds to stress, pain, and other stimuli. For example, by binding to GABA receptors, CBD may promote relaxation and reduce anxiety levels. Similarly, by modulating the 5HT1A receptor system, CBD may help regulate mood and alleviate symptoms of depression.
It’s worth noting that the precise mechanisms underlying these interactions are still being researched and refined. However, as our understanding of CBD’s effects on the body continues to grow, we can begin to appreciate the complex and multifaceted nature of its therapeutic potential.
Scientific Evidence and Mechanisms
CBD’s Effects on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
The scientific community has been extensively studying the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on inflammation and oxidative stress, two key mechanisms underlying various chronic diseases. While research is ongoing, a substantial body of evidence suggests that CBD exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Scientific Evidence
Multiple studies have investigated the impact of CBD on inflammatory pathways in both human cells and animal models. For example:
- A study published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics demonstrated that CBD inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in a mouse model of colitis.
- Research published in the European Journal of Neuroscience found that CBD reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive function in a rat model of multiple sclerosis.
Regarding oxidative stress, several studies have shown that CBD exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. For instance:
- A study published in the Journal of Cannabis Research demonstrated that CBD protected human keratinocytes from UV-induced oxidative damage.
- Research published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found that CBD reduced oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostanes, in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.
The mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of CBD are complex and multifaceted. Some possible explanations include:
Mechanisms of Action
- Modulation of endocannabinoid system**: CBD interacts with cannabinoid receptors, such as CB2, to modulate the endocannabinoid system and reduce inflammation.
- Inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes**: CBD inhibits enzymes involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX).
- Antioxidant properties**: CBD scavenges free radicals and chelates metals to reduce oxidative stress.
The collective evidence from these studies suggests that CBD has the potential to be a valuable therapeutic agent for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in various diseases. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action and to establish optimal dosing regimens for specific clinical conditions.
Research by the University of California has demonstrated CBD’s antiinflammatory properties, involving the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, studies at the University of Colorado have shown CBD’s ability to modulate oxidative stress.
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The scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of CBD gummies lies in the mechanisms by which cannabidiol exerts its effects on the body.
One key area where CBD has shown promise is in its anti-inflammatory properties, as demonstrated by research conducted at the University of California.
This research highlights CBD’s ability to suppress proinflammatory cytokines, which are molecules that promote inflammation and contribute to various diseases, including arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.
The suppression of these cytokines leads to a reduction in inflammation, which can help alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions.
Another critical aspect of CBD’s mechanism is its ability to modulate oxidative stress, as shown by studies conducted at the University of Colorado.
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses.
CBD has been demonstrated to increase the levels of antioxidants in the body, which helps to neutralize ROS and reduce oxidative damage.
Furthermore, CBD has shown potential as a neuroprotective agent, with research indicating its ability to protect neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation.
This suggests that CBD may have therapeutic applications in treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
In terms of the specific mechanisms underlying CBD gummies’ effects, it is likely due to several factors, including:
- The bioavailability of CBD, which determines how easily the body can absorb and utilize the compound
- The entourage effect, where other compounds present in the hemp plant (such as terpenes) may enhance or modify the effects of CBD
- The solubility and stability of CBD in oil-based formulations
- The presence of other bioactive compounds that may interact with CBD to produce its effects
It is essential to note that while scientific evidence supports the potential therapeutic benefits of CBD, more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and to establish standard dosing guidelines for various applications.
Neuroprotective Effects and Neuroregenerative Potential
The scientific evidence behind CBD gummies lies in their ability to interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, a complex network of receptors and chemicals that play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
_CBD_ (Cannabidiol) is a non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis plants, which has been shown to exert various neuroprotective effects by influencing the activity of key players in the endocannabinoid system, such as TRPV1 and CB2 receptors.
The primary mechanism through which CBD exerts its effects is by interacting with these receptors, thereby modulating the signaling pathways that govern a range of physiological processes, including pain perception, inflammation, mood regulation, and memory formation.
Studies have demonstrated that CBD’s interaction with the endocannabinoid system can lead to neuroprotection, which is characterized by its ability to safeguard neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation.
This neuroprotective effect has been implicated in the potential therapeutic benefits of CBD gummies for conditions such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, among others.
Furthermore, research suggests that CBD may possess neuroregenerative properties, which involve promoting the growth and differentiation of new neurons, thereby enhancing neural plasticity and cognitive function.
The mechanisms underlying CBD’s neuroregenerative potential are not yet fully understood but are believed to involve the activation of certain molecular pathways, including the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is critical for neuronal survival and regeneration.
The neuroprotective effects of CBD are thought to involve antioxidant mechanisms and modulation of inflammatory responses. The National Institutes of Health has supported research on CBD’s potential in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, including the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
The scientific evidence supporting the potential benefits of cannabidiol (CBD) in promoting neuroprotection and neuroregeneration is a rapidly evolving field of research. While more studies are needed to fully understand its mechanisms, existing data suggests that CBD may play a significant role in mitigating oxidative stress and modulating inflammatory responses within the brain.
One key area of investigation has been the antioxidant properties of CBD, which have been shown to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative damage in neuronal cells. This is particularly relevant given the high levels of oxidative stress often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Furthermore, research has also explored the potential anti-inflammatory effects of CBD on neuroinflammation, which is thought to contribute significantly to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have demonstrated that CBD can modulate the activity of various immune cells involved in the inflammatory response, reducing their production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has recognized the potential benefits of CBD in addressing neurodegenerative diseases and has supported numerous research initiatives to further elucidate its mechanisms. Some of the areas being explored include the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, a condition characterized by progressive neuronal loss and motor dysfunction.
While early evidence suggests that CBD may exhibit therapeutic effects in promoting neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, it is essential to note that more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and potential applications. The complexity of neurodegenerative diseases necessitates an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating various disciplines such as neuroscience, pharmacology, and translational medicine.
As the science behind CBD gummies continues to evolve, researchers will seek to better comprehend the underlying mechanisms driving its effects on human health. By exploring the potential benefits of CBD in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, scientists may uncover novel therapeutic strategies for addressing complex neurological disorders.
The Science Behind Formulation and Delivery
Formulation Considerations for Effective Bioavailability
The science behind formulation and delivery plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of bioavailability, particularly in the context of CBD gummies. Bioavailability refers to the extent to which a substance is absorbed and utilized by the body.
When it comes to CBD, there are several factors that influence its bioavailability. These include the method of consumption, the formulation of the product, and individual differences among users. In this article, we will delve into the science behind formulation and delivery, with a focus on effective bioavailability in the context of CBD gummies.
Formulation considerations are essential for maximizing the bioavailability of CBD. This involves selecting an appropriate vehicle or carrier system that can effectively deliver the CBD to the target site within the body. The most common vehicles used for CBD products include oils, creams, and edible products such as gummies.
The choice of vehicle depends on the desired onset of action, as well as the route of administration. For example, topical creams provide a localized effect with a faster onset of action compared to oral supplements like gummies. On the other hand, sublingual oils offer an intermediate onset of action.
Within edible products such as gummies, formulation considerations also play a critical role in determining bioavailability. The optimal vehicle for delivering CBD through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) would be one that enhances solubility and stability while minimizing degradation by enzymes and other factors within the GIT.
A well-designed formulation should include an effective combination of ingredients that facilitate the absorption and utilization of CBD. These may include emulsifiers to improve solubility, stabilizers to prevent degradation, and carriers to enhance bioavailability through increased permeability or improved solubility in the target site.
Effective delivery mechanisms for edible products are often influenced by factors such as gastric residence time (GRT), which can range from a few hours to several days. A product that provides slow and sustained release of CBD is likely to increase bioavailability and improve overall efficacy.
Given the complexities involved, it’s essential to consult with experts in formulation science when developing products for maximum bioavailability and effectiveness.
The formulation of CBD products affects their bioavailability. Research at the University of California has emphasized the importance of using lipophilic excipients to enhance absorption.
The formulation and delivery of CBD products are crucial factors that determine their efficacy and bioavailability. When it comes to **CBD gummies**, understanding the science behind their formulation and delivery can help users appreciate why these products may not be as effective as expected.
**Bioavailability**, in simple terms, refers to the extent to which a substance is absorbed by the body after administration. In the case of CBD, its bioavailability can vary significantly depending on the product’s formulation and delivery method.
The formulation of **CBD products** affects their bioavailability due to various reasons, including the use of excipients, solvents, and delivery systems. Excipients are substances added to a pharmaceutical preparation that help improve its stability, appearance, or performance. However, some excipients can affect the absorption of CBD in the body.
Research at the University of California has emphasized the importance of using **lipophilic** excipients to enhance **absorption**. Lipophilic substances are fat-soluble and can help improve the solubility and absorption of hydrophobic (water-repelling) compounds like CBD. In contrast, lipophobic excipients may reduce bioavailability.
The use of **liposomes**, microscopic vesicles made from phospholipids, is another strategy to enhance CBD delivery. Liposomes can encapsulate the CBD molecule, protecting it from degradation and improving its solubility in water. This can lead to better absorption and distribution of the compound within the body.
**Nanoemulsions**, tiny droplets of oil suspended in water, are also used to improve bioavailability. Nanoemulsions can enhance the solubility and absorption of lipophilic compounds like CBD, making them more effective.
Furthermore, **transdermal delivery systems**, which deliver substances through the skin, have gained attention for their potential to enhance CBD bioavailability. The transdermal route avoids first-pass metabolism by the liver and can lead to higher bioavailability compared to oral administration.
In conclusion, the science behind formulating and delivering CBD products is complex, with various factors affecting their efficacy. By understanding the importance of excipients, delivery systems, and formulation strategies, users can make more informed choices when selecting **CBD gummies** or other products for optimal bioavailability and therapeutic benefits.
Delivery Methods and Absorption Kinetics
The development of CBD gummies as a delivery system for cannabidiol (CBD) requires an understanding of the underlying science behind formulation, delivery methods, and absorption kinetics.
Formulation involves combining CBD with other ingredients to create a product that is stable, effective, and palatable. This process typically includes:
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Mixing CBD isolate or full-spectrum hemp extract with sweeteners, flavorings, and thickening agents;
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Adding preservatives to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage;
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Using gelling agents like gelatin or pectin to create a soft, chewy texture;
The delivery method refers to how CBD is released from the gummy and absorbed by the body. This can occur through:
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Oral administration, where the gummy dissolves in the mouth or digestive tract;
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Intravenous (IV) administration, which is not typically used for CBD gummies but may be considered in specific cases;
Absorption kinetics, on the other hand, describes how the body processes and utilizes the absorbed CBD. This involves:
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First-pass metabolism, where a portion of the absorbed CBD is metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation;
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Bioavailability, which refers to the percentage of CBD that reaches its intended target site after administration and absorption;
The bioavailability of CBD gummies can vary depending on several factors, including:
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Formulation ingredients and their interactions with CBD;
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Gummy texture and size, which affect the dissolution rate in the mouth or digestive tract;
In conclusion, understanding the science behind formulation, delivery methods, and absorption kinetics is essential for creating effective and safe CBD gummies. By carefully controlling these factors, manufacturers can develop products that provide consistent dosing and bioavailability, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic benefits of cannabidiol.
Sublingual administration, topical application, and inhalation have varying effects on absorption kinetics. Studies at the National Institute of Health have investigated the effects of different delivery methods on CBD’s bioavailability.
The effectiveness of CBD gummies relies heavily on the science behind formulation and delivery. Understanding the intricacies of absorption kinetics, sublingual administration, topical application, and inhalation is crucial to appreciating the bioavailability of CBD.
**Sublingual Administration**: This method involves placing the CBD product under the tongue, where it dissolves in the saliva. The **sublingual mucosa**, a highly vascularized area, allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. This approach can provide fast-acting effects and is often preferred for anxiety, pain relief, and stress management.
**Topical Application**: Topicals, such as creams or balms, are applied directly to specific areas of the skin. **Penetration enhancers**, like capsaicin, can aid in the delivery of CBD through the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin. However, this method may not lead to systemic effects and is generally more suitable for localized pain or inflammation.
**Inhalation**: Vaporizers and smoking devices allow users to inhale CBD vapors, which then pass into the lungs. From there, the compound is absorbed into the bloodstream through the **alveoli**, tiny air sacs in the lungs. This method provides rapid effects but can be harsh on the respiratory system.
The National Institute of Health has conducted studies to investigate the effects of various delivery methods on CBD’s bioavailability. The findings suggest that sublingual administration tends to have higher bioavailability than topical or inhalation methods, with some products achieving up to 80% absorption rate under the tongue.
**Key Considerations**: When selecting a CBD product, consider the following factors:
- **Potency and concentration**: Ensure the product contains the desired amount of CBD.
- **Delivery method**: Choose a method that suits your needs, such as sublingual or topical application.
- **Carrier ingredients**: Opt for products with natural carrier ingredients that enhance bioavailability.
In conclusion, understanding the science behind formulation and delivery is essential to appreciating the effects of CBD gummies. By choosing a product that suits your needs and using it correctly, you can experience the potential benefits of this compound.
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Source: cbdblisslabs.com
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