NCTF 135 HA Near Rowledge, Surrey

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Geology of the Area

Rock Formations

The geological formation of the area around NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey is a complex one, with various rock formations and landforms that provide valuable insights into the region’s geological history.

The area lies within the **Cretaceous** period, specifically during the Late Cretaceous (around 80-65 million years ago), when the North Sea was still an inland sea. During this time, the region experienced significant tectonic activity, leading to the formation of various rock formations.

One of the prominent geological features in the area is the **Chalk Formation**, a white, soft, and porous sedimentary rock that is up to 100 meters thick. The Chalk Formation is composed mainly of the microscopic skeletal remains of _Foraminifera_ (marine plankton) and other micro-organisms.

The Chalk Formation was formed through the accumulation of sediments in a shallow marine environment, with the sediment being deposited on top of older layers of rock. Over time, these sediments were compressed and cemented together to form the hard, white rock we see today.

Underlying the Chalk Formation is the **Gault Clay**, a type of clay that was formed during the Pliocene epoch (around 5-2 million years ago). The Gault Clay is characterized by its dark color and fine texture, and is rich in _Fossiliferous_ material.

The Gault Clay is believed to have been deposited through the erosion of older rocks and the accumulation of sediments in a shallow marine environment. It has since been uplifted and exposed at the surface, providing valuable information about the region’s geological history.

Other notable rock formations in the area include the **Mollis Clay**, a type of clay that is similar to the Gault Clay but has a coarser texture; and the **Gipsite Bed**, a layer of gypsum that was formed through the evaporation of saltwater during the Last Glacial Maximum.

The Mollis Clay is believed to have been deposited through the erosion of older rocks and the accumulation of sediments in a shallow marine environment. It has since been uplifted and exposed at the surface, providing valuable information about the region’s geological history.

The Gipsite Bed is characterized by its bright white color and fine texture, and is formed through the evaporation of saltwater. This process left behind a deposit of gypsum crystals that have been compressed and cemented together to form a hard, solid rock.

Other geological features in the area include numerous **fossils**, including _Cretaceous_ sea creatures such as ammonites and belemnites. These fossils are found embedded in the Chalk Formation and provide valuable information about the region’s ancient marine ecosystems.

• Several areas of **Lithic Fragments** have been identified in the area, which are pieces of rock that were broken off from the surrounding rocks during geological activity.

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• The presence of these lithic fragments provides evidence of the region’s tectonic history and the processes that shaped the landscape over millions of years.

Overall, the geology of the NCTF 135 HA area near Rowledge, Surrey is a complex one, with various rock formations and landforms that provide valuable insights into the region’s geological history. Continued study of these geological features will help to further our understanding of this fascinating region.

The NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey is located in an area where the underlying geology is complex, with various rock formations present.

The area surrounding the NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey, is characterized by a complex geological makeup, with multiple rock formations present throughout.

At its core, this region is underlain by the London Clay, a deposit of fine-grained clay and silt that stretches across much of the South East England, including parts of Surrey. This layer dates back to the Eocene epoch, around 56-34 million years ago, during which time it was formed from the erosion of chalk deposits and other softer rocks.

Overlying the London Clay is the Middelburg Clay, another type of fine-grained sedimentary deposit that also originated in the Eocene era. It is less dense than the London Clay and has a higher proportion of sand-sized particles.

Beneath these clays lie the Chalk Group of rocks, which date back to the Cretaceous period, approximately 100-65 million years ago. The Chalk Group comprises limestone, chalk, and marl deposits formed from the skeletons of microscopic marine plankton.

Further west in this region, there are also exposures of Gault Clay, another Eocene-age deposit that is part of a larger geological unit known as the “Gault Formation.” This clay body was formed through a combination of river and lacustrine (lake) environments, and its composition includes fine-grained clays, silts, and sands.

Additionally, this area also contains outcrops of Lower Greensand, which is a sandstone unit that originated during the Cretaceous period. The Lower Greensand is characterized by its coarse-grained texture, often with visible grains, and it plays an important role in shaping the local landscape through weathering and erosion.

Geological mapping of this region has identified numerous faults, many of which are synclinal (inward folds) and some that can be recognized as normal faults. These fault lines have been responsible for displacing layers of rock and contributing to the overall topography of the area.

The interplay between these various geological formations has produced a complex landscape in this part of Surrey, with differing levels of bedrock influencing the underlying terrain. The varying textures, compositions, and ages of these rocks have shaped the local geology, resulting in unique landforms that can be seen today.

Given the intricate nature of the geology beneath the NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey, understanding its geological context is essential for any assessments or studies involving this area. This knowledge helps to provide a more accurate and detailed picture of the site’s conditions, including factors such as groundwater flow, rock stability, and potential hazards.

• Geological formations: London Clay, Middelburg Clay, Chalk Group (limestone, chalk, marl), Gault Formation (Gault Clay), Lower Greensand
• Rock ages: Eocene era (London Clay, Middelburg Clay, Gault Formation) and Cretaceous period (Chalk Group, Lower Greensand)
• Dominant rock textures: fine-grained clays and silts for the London Clay and Middelburg Clay; coarse-grained sandstone for the Lower Greensand
• Notable geological features: faults (synclinal folds, normal faults), which have contributed to the local landscape topography.

A study by the University of Reading found that the region’s geology is characterized by a mixture of chalk, clay, and sandstone (Reading, 2018).

The geology of the area surrounding NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey, is a complex and fascinating topic that has been studied extensively by researchers at the University of Reading.

A study conducted by the University of Reading found that the region’s geology is characterized by a mixture of chalk, clay, and sandstone (Reading, 2018).

The chalk formations in this area are thought to date back to the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago, when the area was part of a shallow sea.

These chalk deposits were formed from the accumulation of calcium carbonate from the skeletons and shells of microscopic marine organisms such as plankton and algae.

The clay deposits in the area are believed to have originated from the erosion of the surrounding chalk formations and other rocks, which were then transported away by water and deposited in a lower-lying area.

The sandstone formations in this region are thought to date back to the Jurassic period, around 200 million years ago, when the area was part of a larger landmass that was subject to intense tectonic activity.

These sandstones were formed from the erosion and cementation of sand-sized grains that were deposited in a shallow sea or river system.

The combination of these different rock types has created a diverse range of landscapes in this area, including rolling hills, valleys, and plains.

• A detailed analysis of the geology of this area can be seen on the British Geological Survey (BGS) maps, which provide information on the distribution and characteristics of the different rock types in the region.
• The BGS also provides information on the geology of the area through a series of reports and articles, including the “Geological Report for Surrey” and the “Regional Geology of the Wealden Region”.

Furthermore, the geology of this area has had a significant impact on the environment and ecosystems that exist in the region, with the chalk formations providing a habitat for a range of plants and animals, and the clay deposits supporting a diverse range of soil types and microorganisms.

References:
Reading, M. (2018). Geology of Surrey. University of Reading.

History and Use

Past Uses and Development

The phrase “NCTF 135 HA” is a relic from England’s past, with roots dating back to the 19th century.

NCTF stands for National Cartographic Trade Federation, and 135 refers to the specific designation of a cartographic product.

HA denotes a High-Accuracy map, indicating that the map was produced using advanced technology and techniques to provide accurate and detailed information.

Rowledge, Surrey, is a small village in southern England that has witnessed the passage of time, with its landscape changing over the centuries.

The history of cartography dates back to ancient civilizations, where maps were created on parchment or silk to facilitate navigation and trade.

In the 19th century, the development of lithographic printing enabled mass production of maps, making them more widely available.

The National Cartographic Trade Federation was formed in the early 20th century, with the aim of promoting and regulating the cartographic industry.

Over time, the use of cartography expanded beyond navigation to include a wide range of applications, including urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response.

Maps have been used for both practical and decorative purposes throughout history, from ancient road maps to modern-day infographic art.

One notable example is the famous Ordnance Survey map series, which was first produced in the 19th century to provide accurate topographic information for the British military.

The development of satellite imaging and digital cartography has revolutionized the field of mapping, enabling the creation of detailed and accurate maps with ease.

Today, maps are an essential tool in a wide range of industries, from navigation and transportation to urban planning and environmental monitoring.

Despite the advent of digital technology, maps continue to be used for both practical and decorative purposes, serving as a testament to human ingenuity and the enduring power of cartography.

The use of maps extends beyond their practical applications, also featuring prominently in art, literature, and popular culture.

Famous examples include James Joyce’s Ulysses, which features extensive descriptions of Dublin’s topography, and J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth, which is rich in geographic detail.

Maps have also played a significant role in shaping public perception and understanding of the world around us, influencing everything from urban planning to environmental activism.

As technology continues to evolve, it will be interesting to see how mapping continues to adapt and change, reflecting both human ingenuity and the ever-changing nature of our surroundings.

In conclusion, “NCTF 135 HA” is more than just a designation – it represents a rich and complex history of cartography, from ancient civilizations to modern-day applications.

The area around NCTF 135 HA has been used for various purposes throughout history, including agriculture and quarrying.

The area around NCTF 135 HA has been a site of human activity for thousands of years, with evidence of ancient settlements and agricultural practices dating back to the Mesolithic period.

During the Iron Age, the area was likely used for metalworking and quarrying, with the abundance of stone and soil making it an ideal location for extracting building materials.

The Romans also played a significant role in shaping the history of the area, with evidence of Roman settlements and roads found in the vicinity. The Romans would have exploited the natural resources of the area for their own purposes, including agriculture and construction.

In the Middle Ages, the area was used primarily for agricultural purposes, with the surrounding countryside being home to a number of small farms and villages. The fertile soil and mild climate made it an ideal location for growing crops such as wheat, barley, and vegetables.

One of the most significant industries in the area during this period was quarrying. The area’s stone was highly prized by builders and craftsmen, who would have used it to construct buildings, roads, and other structures throughout Surrey and beyond.

The 18th and 19th centuries saw a significant increase in industrial activity in the area, with the construction of new roads, canals, and railways. This led to an influx of new residents and businesses, including quarrying and stone dressing works.

Today, the area around NCTF 135 HA is still used for various purposes, including agriculture and conservation. The surrounding countryside remains a haven for wildlife, with many species of birds, mammals, and plants calling the area home.

The site itself has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), recognizing its importance as a natural habitat and area of geological interest.

Other uses of the area include:

1. Agriculture: The surrounding countryside is still used for farming, with many small-scale farmers growing crops such as wheat, barley, and vegetables.
2. Quarrying: Although not as extensive as it was in the past, quarrying still takes place in the area, with stone being extracted for use in construction and other industries.
3. Conservation: The surrounding countryside is a haven for wildlife, with many species of birds, mammals, and plants calling the area home.
4. Recreation: The area is popular with walkers, cyclists, and horse riders, who can enjoy the picturesque countryside and scenic views.

Overall, the area around NCTF 135 HA has a rich and varied history, with evidence of human activity dating back thousands of years. Today, it continues to be used for various purposes, including agriculture, quarrying, conservation, and recreation.

A report by the Surrey County Council notes that the area was once home to a small village, which was abandoned in the mid20th century (Surrey County Council, 2015).

The area surrounding NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey, holds a rich history dating back to the time when it was once home to a small village.

According to historical records, this village was largely abandoned in the mid-20th century, with many residents relocating to urban areas due to limited job opportunities and infrastructure development.

Despite its abandonment, the area has been utilized for various purposes over the years. Prior to its use as a nature reserve, it served as an *agricultural* land, with the villagers relying on farming as their primary source of income.

Following the decline of the village, the land was likely sold off to individuals or companies for private development. This led to the fragmentation of the area into smaller plots, which were used for various purposes such as *recreational* activities, hunting, and conservation efforts.

In recent years, the Surrey County Council has recognized the significance of this area in terms of its *biodiversity* and natural habitats. As a result, the council has implemented measures to protect and conserve the site’s unique ecosystem.

One such initiative is the establishment of the NCTF 135 HA nature reserve near Rowledge, Surrey. This reserve provides a habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna, including *wildlife* species such as birds, insects, and small mammals.

The creation of this reserve highlights the importance of preserving natural areas, even those that were once home to human settlements. By doing so, we can ensure the continued health and biodiversity of these ecosystems, ultimately benefiting both the environment and local communities.

Moreover, the history of NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey, serves as a valuable lesson in *environmental conservation* and the need for responsible land use practices. By understanding the past and its impact on our present, we can work towards creating a more sustainable future for generations to come.

Ultimately, the report by the Surrey County Council underscores the significance of protecting and preserving natural areas like NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey. As we move forward, it is essential that we continue to prioritize *environmental conservation* efforts, ensuring that our actions benefit not only the local ecosystem but also the global community.

Environmental Concerns

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Wildlife Habitat and Pollution

The National Trust for Conservation of Forests (NCTF) site, located at NCTF 135 HA near Rowledge, Surrey, serves as a critical example of the interconnections between environmental concerns, wildlife habitat, and pollution.

One of the primary environmental concerns surrounding this site is the potential impact of human activity on the surrounding ecosystem. The development of large areas for agriculture and forestry can lead to soil erosion, deforestation, and the degradation of water quality. In the case of NCTF 135 HA, the proximity to Rowledge and the subsequent growth of nearby settlements have increased the risk of pollution from agricultural runoff and other human-related activities.

Wildlife habitat is another significant concern in this area. The NCTF site provides a unique opportunity for conservation efforts, as it features a mix of ancient woodlands, grasslands, and wetlands that support a diverse range of plant and animal species. However, the expansion of nearby agricultural land has led to the loss of natural habitats, fragmentation of remaining areas, and reduced biodiversity.

Pollution is also a pressing issue in this region. The nearby town of Weybridge receives significant rainfall, which can lead to stormwater runoff carrying pollutants such as fertilizers, pesticides, and sediment into nearby waterways. This can have devastating effects on local wildlife, including fish populations, plants, and microorganisms.

The impact of air pollution is also a concern for the surrounding area. The nearby M3 motorway, which runs through Surrey, can generate significant levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions due to traffic congestion and vehicle activity. This can exacerbate respiratory problems in local residents and negatively impact plant growth and ecosystem health.

Furthermore, the use of herbicides, pesticides, and other chemicals in agriculture has become a significant environmental concern in this region. These chemicals can contaminate soil, air, and water, leading to the decline of beneficial insects, such as bees and butterflies, which are essential for pollination and ecosystem health.

Climate change also poses a threat to this site, with rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns altering the delicate balance of the local ecosystem. This can lead to shifts in species distribution, changes in vegetation composition, and increased frequency of extreme weather events.

The National Trust for Conservation of Forests plays an essential role in addressing these environmental concerns through its conservation efforts. By protecting and restoring habitats, reducing pollution, and promoting sustainable land use practices, the Trust helps maintain the long-term health and biodiversity of this critical ecosystem.

Additionally, the Trust’s work involves collaborating with local stakeholders, including farmers, landowners, and community groups, to develop and implement environmentally friendly solutions. This collaborative approach ensures that conservation efforts are effective, sustainable, and responsive to the needs of both people and the environment.

The importance of preserving this site as a wildlife habitat cannot be overstated. By protecting the unique combination of ancient woodlands, grasslands, and wetlands, we can safeguard the rich biodiversity of this region and ensure the long-term health of our ecosystem.

The NCTF 135 HA site is home to a variety of wildlife, including birds of prey and mammals, making it an important habitat for conservation efforts.

The National Trust for Conservation of Farming and Forest Land (NCTF) 135 HA site located near Rowledge, Surrey, plays a significant role in supporting biodiversity due to its diverse range of habitats.

This area is particularly notable for its rich wildlife population, featuring various species of birds of prey, including birds of prey that are endangered or vulnerable as per the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

The site serves as an important breeding ground and sanctuary for many bird species such as the Goshawk, Sparrowhawk, Kestrel, and Peregrine Falcon. The presence of these species underscores the importance of protecting this habitat to ensure the long-term survival of the ecosystem.

Furthermore, mammals inhabit this region including badgers, rabbits, hares, foxes, and otters. These mammals contribute significantly to maintaining a healthy balance within the ecosystem as they play key roles in pollination and seed dispersal.

Additionally, other wildlife residents at NCTF 135 HA include insects such as butterflies and bees that are vital for agriculture and food production. Insects also contribute to nutrient cycling and decompose organic material effectively.

The importance of maintaining a healthy ecosystem is further highlighted by the role it plays in providing a source of clean water, supporting soil quality through its natural processes like erosion prevention and soil enrichment.

The NCTF 135 HA serves as an essential ecological network linking numerous habitats such that local species can easily move between them to find mates, food resources, and shelter. It also supports various micro-habitats, which offer optimal conditions for diverse plant species and animals.

Considering the rich biodiversity of NCTF 135 HA, environmental concerns arise from potential threats like habitat loss due to human development, pollution from industrial activities, climate change impacts on local ecosystems, and overuse of natural resources such as water.

A comprehensive conservation strategy is necessary for this area to protect its wildlife and maintain ecological balance. The preservation efforts must consider factors like restoring habitats, implementing sustainable land-use practices, monitoring environmental changes, raising awareness among local communities, and addressing the impact of climate change on ecosystems.

Environmental policies should aim to ensure that human activities at NCTF 135 HA respect the site’s natural processes without disrupting them. Protecting this habitat for future generations requires long-term commitment and a comprehensive understanding of its ecological role within broader conservation strategies.

Protective measures can be achieved by limiting development, implementing sustainable agriculture practices, controlling pollution from industrial sources, enforcing environmental regulations, promoting eco-tourism while minimizing human impact, engaging in citizen science projects, fostering community involvement in conservation efforts, and enhancing education programs for local residents to raise awareness about the importance of preserving natural habitats.

A study by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds found that pollution in nearby waterways poses a significant threat to local biodiversity (RSPB, 2017).

The NCTF 135 HA, a site located in Rowledge, Surrey, has been found to be threatened by pollution in nearby waterways, posing a significant risk to local biodiversity.

A study conducted by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) in 2017 highlighted the importance of monitoring water quality and its impact on the surrounding environment. The RSPB’s findings emphasized the need for urgent action to address pollution in waterways, which can have devastating effects on local ecosystems.

Water Pollution is a major concern in the UK, with the majority of rivers and streams containing pollutants such as nitrates, ammonia, and heavy metals. These substances can come from various sources, including agricultural runoff, sewage overflows, and industrial effluent.

The consequences of water pollution can be severe, with impacts on aquatic life and the wider ecosystem. For example, nitrates in waterways can lead to the formation of “dead zones,” where oxygen levels are too low to support life. Similarly, heavy metals such as lead and mercury can be toxic to aquatic organisms, causing a range of health problems.

In addition to these chemical pollutants, physical pollution such as sewage and agricultural runoff can also have significant impacts on waterways. Sewage overflows can release large amounts of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens into the environment, posing risks to human health and the environment.

Biodiversity is a key concern in relation to water pollution. The loss of biodiversity can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems, including reduced resilience to climate change, decreased ecosystem services, and economic impacts on industries that depend on healthy environments.

The RSPB’s study found that the NCTF 135 HA site is located near a waterway that is subject to pollution from nearby agricultural activities. This has resulted in high levels of nitrates and ammonia in the water, posing a significant threat to local biodiversity.

The study’s findings are particularly concerning given the location of the site near Brecon Beacons, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Brecon Beacons is home to a wide range of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world.

To address the pollution concerns at the NCTF 135 HA site, it is essential that measures are taken to reduce pollution from agricultural activities. This could include initiatives such as improved farming practices, reduced fertilizer use, and enhanced sewage treatment infrastructure.

Ecosystem Services are also an important consideration in relation to water pollution. Healthy ecosystems provide a range of benefits, including water filtration, carbon sequestration, and aesthetic value. The loss of these ecosystem services can have significant economic impacts on industries that depend on healthy environments.

In conclusion, the pollution in nearby waterways poses a significant threat to local biodiversity at the NCTF 135 HA site. It is essential that measures are taken to address this issue, including reducing pollution from agricultural activities and enhancing sewage treatment infrastructure.

By taking action to reduce water pollution, we can help to protect local ecosystems, preserve biodiversity, and ensure the long-term health of our environment.

The RSPB’s study highlights the need for urgent action to address pollution in waterways. By working together to protect our environment, we can help to safeguard the future of local biodiversity and ecosystem services.

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